Display panel

ABSTRACT

A display panel includes an amorphous silicon gate driver in which a lower voltage than the gate-off voltage output from the gate driver is applied to an adjacent stage as a low voltage transmission signal.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2009-0115171 filed in the Korean IntellectualProperty Office on Nov. 26, 2009, the entire content of which isincorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

(a) Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to display panels, and, moreparticularly, to a display panel having a gate driver integratedtherein.

(b) Discussion of the Related Art

As one of a group of widely used display panels, a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD) includes two display panels provided with field generatingelectrodes such as pixel electrodes and a common electrode, and a liquidcrystal layer interposed therebetween. The LCD displays images byapplying voltages to the field-generating electrodes to generate anelectric field in the LC layer that determines the orientation of LCmolecules therein to adjust the polarization of incident light. Organiclight emitting devices, plasma display devices, and electrophoreticdisplays, as well as LCDs, are examples of such widely used displaypanels.

These display devices include a gate driver and a data driver. The gatedriver can be integrated on the panel by being patterned along with agate line, a data line, and a thin film transistor. A separate gatedriving chip can be avoided by forming an integrated gate driver,thereby reducing manufacturing cost. However, thin film transistorsformed inside the integrated gate driver can generate leakage currentwhile the gate off signal is output such that undesired increased powerconsumption occurs.

Also, the characteristics of the semiconductor (particularly anamorphous semiconductor) of the thin film transistor are changeableaccording to temperature, and as a result, gate voltage output at hightemperature does not have a uniform waveform and noise is generated.

SUMMARY

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present inventionpower consumption of a gate driver integrated in a display panel isreduced and a gate voltage having a uniform waveform at high temperatureis output.

According to an exemplary embodiment a display panel includes a displayarea having a gate line. A gate driver is connected to one end of thegate line, the gate driver including a plurality of stages andintegrated on a substrate. The stages receive a clock signal, a firstlow voltage and a second low voltage that is lower than the first lowvoltage, at least one transmission signal from a previous stage, and atleast two transmission signals from a next stage to output a gatevoltage having a first low voltage as a gate-off voltage.

The gate voltage when the transmission signal is low may be the secondlow voltage.

At least one transmission signal applied to a first stage may be ascanning start signal.

The display area may include a data line. The display panel may includea data driver that supplies a data voltage which is applied to the dataline. The data driver may be formed at an upper side or a lower side ofthe display panel.

The stages may include an input section, a pull-up driver, a pull-downdriver, an output section, and a transmission signal generator.

The input section, the pull-down driver, the output section, and thetransmission signal generator may be connected to a first node.

The input section may be connected between a first input terminal inputthat receives at least one transmission signal from the previous stageand the first node.

The output section may be connected between a gate voltage outputterminal that outputs the gate voltage, a clock input terminal inputwith the clock signal, and the first node, such that the gate voltage isoutput according to the voltage of the first node.

The transmission signal generator may be connected between atransmission signal output terminal that outputs the transmissionsignal, the clock input terminal, and the first node, such that thetransmission signal is output according to the voltage of the firstnode.

The pull-up driver and the pull-down driver may be connected to a secondnode.

The pull-down driver may be connected to each terminal that inputs atleast two transmission signals from the next stage, which are the firstlow voltage and the second low voltage, the transmission signal outputterminal, and the gate voltage output terminal, and is also connected tothe first node and the second node.

The pull-down driver may include an element that pulls down the firstnode, an element that pulls down the second node, an element that pullsdown the transmission signal output terminal, and an element that pullsdown the gate voltage output terminal.

The element that pulls down the first node may decrease the voltage ofthe first node to the second low voltage according to one of at leasttwo transmission signals from the next stage and the voltage of thesecond node voltage.

Decreasing of the voltage of the first node to the second low voltageaccording to one transmission signal of at least two transmissionsignals from the next stage may be executed through a first transistorhaving a control terminal that receives one transmission signal of atleast two transmission signals from the next stage and an input terminalconnected to the first node, and a second transistor having a controlterminal and an input terminal connected to an output terminal of thefirst transistor and an output terminal connected to the second lowvoltage.

The element that pulls down the second node may decrease the voltage ofthe second node to the second low voltage according to at least onetransmission signal from the previous stage or the transmission signalof the corresponding stage.

The element that pulls down the second node may decrease the voltage ofthe second node to the second low voltage according to at least onetransmission signal from the previous stage, and decreases the voltageof the second node to the first low voltage according to thetransmission signal of the corresponding stage.

The element that pulls down the transmission signal output terminal madecrease the voltage of the transmission signal output terminal to thesecond low voltage according to the voltage of the second node.

The element that pulls down the transmission signal output terminal madecrease the voltage of the transmission signal output terminal to thesecond low voltage according to one of at least two transmission signalsfrom the next stage.

The element that pulls down the gate voltage output terminal maydecrease the voltage of the gate voltage output terminal to the firstlow voltage according to the voltage of the second node or one of atleast two transmission signals from the next stage.

The pull-up driver may be connected to the clock input terminal, thepull-down driver, and the second node.

At least one transmission signal from the previous stage may thetransmission signal of the neighboring previous stage, or at least twotransmission signals from the next stage may be the transmission signalsof two next stages that continuously neighbor each other.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, thecircuit of each stage is decreased to a lower potential than thegate-off voltage such that the current leakage is reduced, therebyobtaining the low power consumption, and a ripple applied through thetransmission signal may be reduced at a high temperature such that auniform gate-on voltage may be output at a high temperature. Also,although the further lower voltage is applied at the low temperature, itis possible to operate it and the lifespan is increased.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a display panel according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the gate driver and the gate line ofFIG. 1 in further detail.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of one stage and one gate line in FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a graph comparing power consumption when using the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 3 with power consumption according to theconventional art.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a display panel according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the gate driver and the gate line ofFIG. 5 in further detail.

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of one stage and one gate line in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a graph comparing power consumption when using the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 7 with power consumption according to theconventional art.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing current flowing in the first transistor thatoutputs a gate voltage in a gate driver according to the conventionalart with reference to a clock signal CKV.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing current flowing in the first transistor thatoutputs a gate voltage in a gate driver according to the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 7 with reference to a clock signal CKV.

FIGS. 11, 12 and 13 are graphs showing characteristics at hightemperature, characteristics at low temperature, and characteristics fora lifespan when using the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7 as comparedwith the conventional art.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodimentsof the invention are shown. As those skilled in the art would realize,the described embodiments may be modified in various different wayswithout departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

Like reference numerals designate like elements throughout thespecification and drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, a display panel 100 according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention includes a display area 300displaying images, and a gate driver 500 applying a gate voltage to agate line of the display area 300. A data line of the display area 300receives a data voltage from a data driver IC 460 formed on a flexibleprinted circuit film (FPC) 450 attached to the display panel 100. Thegate driver 500 and the data driver IC 460 are controlled by a signalcontroller 600. A printed circuit board (PCB) 400 is formed outside theflexible printed circuit film 450, and transmits the signal from thesignal controller 600 to the data driver IC 460 and the gate driver 500.The signal provided from the signal controller 600 may include a signalsuch as a first clock signal CKV, a second clock signal CKVB, a scanstart signal STVP, and a signal providing low voltages Vss1, Vss2 of aparticular level.

FIG. 1 shows an example of the liquid crystal panel. When the displayarea 300 is a liquid crystal panel, the display area includes a thinfilm transistor Trsw, a liquid crystal capacitor Clc, and a storagecapacitor Cst, and. On the other hand, the display area 300 for anorganic light emitting panel includes a thin film transistor and anorganic light emitting diode, and the display area 300 for other displaypanels includes elements such as a thin film transistor. Hereinbelow, anexemplary embodiment of a liquid crystal panel will be described in moredetail.

The display area 300 includes a plurality of gate lines G1, . . . Gn anda plurality of data lines D1, . . . Dm. The plurality of gate lines G1,. . . Gn and the plurality of data lines D1, . . . Dm are insulated fromand intersect each other.

Each pixel PX includes the thin film transistor Trsw, the liquid crystalcapacitor Clc, and the storage capacitor Cst. The control terminal ofthe thin film transistor Trsw is connected to one gate line, the inputterminal of the thin film transistor Trsw is connected to one data line,and the output terminal of the thin film transistor Trsw is connected toone terminal of the liquid crystal capacitor Clc and one terminal of thestorage capacitor Cst. The other terminal of the liquid crystalcapacitor Clc is connected to the common electrode, and the otherterminal of the storage capacitor Cst receives a storage voltage Vcstapplied from the signal controller 600.

The plurality of data lines D1, . . . Dm receive the data voltages fromthe data driver IC 460, and the plurality of gate lines G1, . . . Gnreceive the gate voltage from the gate driver 500.

The data driver IC 460 is formed at the upper side or the lower side ofthe display panel 100 thereby being connected to the data lines D1, . .. Dm extended in the longitudinal direction. In the exemplary embodimentdepicted in FIG. 1 the data driver IC 460 is positioned at the upperside of the display panel 100.

The gate driver 500 receives the clock signals CKV, CKVB, the scan startsignal STVP, the first low voltage Vss1 conforming to the gate-offvoltage, and the second low voltage Vss2 that is less than the gate-offvoltage to generate gate voltages (a gate-on voltage and a gate-offvoltage) and sequentially apply the gate-on voltage to the gate linesG1, . . . Gn.

The clock signals CKV, CKVB, the scan start signal STVP, the first lowvoltage Vss1, and the second low voltage Vss2 applied to the gate driver500 are applied to the gate driver 500 through the flexible printedcircuit film 450 positioned at the outmost side and the side of the gatedriver 500, as shown in FIG. 1. These signals are transmitted to theflexible printed circuit film 450 through the printed circuit board PCB400 from the signal controller 600, or, in an alternative embodiment,from externally.

Next, the detailed description will focus on an exemplary embodiment ofthe gate driver 500 and the gate lines G1, . . . Gn.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the gate driver and the gate lines ofFIG. 1 in further detail. The display area 300 is shown to have aresistor Rp and a capacitor Cp. The gate lines G1, . . . Gn, the liquidcrystal capacitor Clc, and the storage capacitor Cst respectively haveresistances and capacitances, and their sums are represented as oneresistance Rp and one capacitance Cp. The gate voltage output from thestage SR is transmitted through the gate lines. As shown in FIG. 2, thegate line may be represented as the resistance Rp and the capacitance Cpin a circuit diagram. These values depict a representative value for onegate line, but may change according to the structure and thecharacteristics of the display area 300.

The gate driver 500 includes a plurality of stages SR1, SR2, SR3, SR4, .. . that are dependently connected to each other. Each of the stagesSR1, SR2, SR3, SR4, . . . includes three input terminals IN1, IN2, IN3,one clock input terminal CK, two voltage input terminals Vin1, Vin2, agate voltage output terminal OUT that outputs the gate voltage, and atransmission signal output terminal CRout.

The first input terminal IN1 is connected to the transmission signaloutput terminal CRout of the previous stage thereby receiving thetransmission signal CR of the previous stage. However, the first stagedoes not have a previous stage such that the scan start signal STVP atthe first input terminal IN1 is applied.

The second input terminal IN2 is connected to the transmission signaloutput terminal CRout of the next stage thereby receiving thetransmission signal CR of the next stage. Also, the third input terminalIN3 is connected to the transmission signal output terminal CRout of thesecond next stage thereby receiving the transmission signal CR of thesecond next stage.

A stage SRn (not shown) connected to the n-th gate line Gn may have twodummy stages to receive the transmission signal CR from the next stageand the second next stage. The dummy stages (SRn+1, SRn+2; not shown)are stages that generate and output a dummy gate voltage, different fromthe stages SR1, SR2, SR3, SR4, . . . SRn. That is, the gate voltageoutput from the stages SR1, SR2, SR3, SR4, . . . SRn is transmittedthough the gate lines such that the data voltage is applied to the pixelfor the display of the images, however the dummy stages SRn+1, SRn+2would not be connected to the gate lines, although when they areconnected to the gate lines, they are connected to the gate lines of adummy pixel (not shown) that do not display the image such that theywould not be used for the display of the image.

The clock terminals CK are applied with a clock signal, and among theplurality of stages, the clock terminals CK of the odd-numbered stagesare applied with the first clock signal CKV and the clock terminals CKof the even-numbered stages are applied with the second clock signalCKVB. The first clock signal CKV and the second clock signal CKVB haveopposite phases to each other.

The first voltage input terminal Vin1 is applied with the first lowvoltage Vss1 corresponding to the gate-off voltage, and the secondvoltage input terminal Vin2 is applied with the second low voltage Vss2that is lower than the first low voltage Vss1. The voltage values of thefirst low voltage Vss1 and the second low voltage Vss2 may varyaccording to the particular exemplary embodiment. In the presentexemplary embodiment the value of the first low voltage Vss1 is −5V andthe value of the second low voltage Vss2 is −10V.

The operation of the gate driver 500 will now be described in moredetail.

The first stage SR1 receives the first clock signal CKV provided fromoutside to the clock input terminal CK, the scan start signal STVPthrough the first input terminal IN1, the first and second low voltagesVss1, Vss2 through the first and second voltage input terminals Vin1,Vin2, and the transmission signals CR respectively provided from thesecond stage SR2 and the third stage SR3 through the second and thirdinput terminals IN2, IN3 such that the gate-on voltage is output to thefirst gate line through the gate voltage output terminal OUT. Also, thetransmission signal output terminal CRout outputs the transmissionsignal CR, and it is transmitted to the first input terminal IN1 of thesecond stage SR2.

The second stage SR2 receives the second clock signal CKVB provided fromoutside to the clock input terminal CK, the transmission signal CR ofthe first stage SR1 through the first input terminal IN1, the first andsecond low voltages Vss1, Vss2 through the first and second voltageinput terminals Vin1, Vin2, and the transmission signals CR respectivelyprovided from the third stage SR3 and the fourth stage SR4 through thesecond and third input terminals IN2, IN3 such that the gate-on voltageis output to the second gate line through the gate voltage outputterminal OUT. Also, the transmission signal CR is output through thetransmission signal output terminal CRout thereby being transmitted tothe first input terminal IN1 of the third stage SR3 and the second inputterminal IN2 of the first stage SR1.

The third stage SR3 receives the first clock signal CKV provided fromoutside to the clock input terminal CK, the transmission signal CR ofthe second stage SR2 through the first input terminal IN1, the first andsecond low voltages Vss1, Vss2 through the first and second voltageinput terminals Vin1, Vin2, and the transmission signals CR respectivelyprovided from the fourth stage SR4 and the fifth stage SR5 through thesecond and third input terminals IN2, IN3 such that the gate-on voltageis output to the third gate line through the gate voltage outputterminal OUT. Also, the transmission signal CR is output through thetransmission signal output terminal CRout thereby being transmitted tothe first input terminal IN1 of the fourth stage SR4, the third inputterminal IN3 of the first stage SR1, and the second input terminal IN2of the second stage SR2.

Through the above method, the n-th stage SRn receives the second clocksignal CKVB provided from the outside to the clock input terminal CK,the transmission signal CR of the n−1-th stage SRn−1 through the firstinput terminal IN1, the first and second low voltages Vss1, Vss2 throughthe first and second voltage input terminals Vin1, Vin2, and thetransmission signals CR respectively provided from the (n+1)-th stageSRn+1 (the dummy stage) and the (n+2)-th stage SRn+2 (the dummy stage)through the second and third input terminals IN2, IN3 such that thegate-on voltage is output to the n-th gate line through the gate voltageoutput terminal OUT. Also, the transmission signal CR is output throughthe transmission signal output terminal CRout thereby being transmittedto the first input terminal IN1 of the (n+1)-th stage SRn+1 (the dummystage), the third input terminal IN3 of the (n−2)-th stage SRn−2, andthe second input terminal IN2 of the (n−1)-th stage SRn−1.

The connection structure of the stages SR of the gate driver 500 hasbeen described with reference to FIG. 2. Next, the structure of anexemplary embodiment of a representative stage SR of a gate driverconnected to one gate line will be described in further detail withreference to FIG. 3.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of one stage SR and one gate line in FIG. 2.Each stage SR of the gate driver 500 according to the present exemplaryembodiment includes an input section 511, a pull-up driver 512, atransmission signal generator 513, an output section 514, and apull-down driver 515.

The input section 511 includes one transistor (the fourth transistorTr4). The input terminal and the control terminal of the fourthtransistor Tr4 are commonly connected (diode-connected) to the firstinput terminal IN1. The output terminal thereof is connected to a node Q(hereinafter referred to as the first node). The input section 511 hasthe function of transmitting the high voltage to the node Q when thefirst input terminal IN1 is applied with the high voltage.

The pull-up driver 512 includes two transistors (the seventh transistorTr7 and the twelfth transistor Tr12. The control terminal and the inputterminal of the twelfth transistor Tr12 are diode-connected therebyreceiving the first clock signal CKV or the second clock signal CKVBthrough the clock terminal CK, and the output terminal is connected tothe control terminal of the seventh transistor Tr7 and the pull-downdriver 515. The input terminal of the seventh transistor Tr7 is alsoconnected to the clock terminal CK. The output terminal is connected tothe node Q′ (hereinafter referred to as the second node) and is passedthrough the node Q′ thereby being connected to the pull-down driver 515.The control terminal of the seventh transistor Tr7 is connected to theoutput terminal of the twelfth transistor Tr12 and the pull-down driver515. Here, a parasitic capacitor (not shown) may be respectively formedbetween the input terminal and the control terminal, and the controlterminal and the output terminal, of the seventh transistor Tr7. If thepull-up driver 512 is applied with the high signal at the clock terminalCK, the high signal is transmitted to the control terminal of theseventh transistor Tr7 and the pull-down driver 515 through the twelfthtransistor Tr12. The high signal transmitted to the seventh transistorTr7 turns on the seventh transistor Tr7, and as a result the high signalapplied from the clock terminal CK is applied to the node Q′.

The transmission signal generator 513 includes one transistor (thefifteenth transistor Tr15). The input terminal of the fifteenthtransistor Tr15 is connected to the clock terminal CK thereby receivingthe first clock signal CKV or the second clock signal CKVB. The controlterminal thereof is connected to the output terminal of the inputsection 511, that is, the node Q. The output terminal thereof isconnected to the transmission signal output terminal CRout that outputsthe transmission signal CR. Here, a parasitic capacitor (not shown) maybe formed between the control terminal and the output terminal. Theoutput terminal of the fifteenth transistor Tr15 is connected to thepull-down driver 515 as well as the transmission signal output terminalCRout, thereby receiving the second low voltage Vss2. As a result, thevoltage value when the transmission signal CR is low is the second lowvoltage Vss2.

The output section 514 includes one transistor (the first transistorTr1) and one capacitor (the first capacitor C1). The control terminal ofthe first transistor Tr1 is connected to the node Q. The input terminalthereof receives the first clock signal CKV or the second clock signalCKVB through the clock terminal CK. The first capacitor C1 is formedbetween the control terminal and the output terminal. The outputterminal thereof is connected to the gate voltage output terminal OUT.Also, the output terminal is connected to the pull-down driver 515thereby receiving the first low voltage Vss1. As a result, the value ofthe voltage of the gate-off voltage is the first low voltage Vss1. Thisoutput section 514 outputs the gate voltage according to the voltage ofthe node Q and the first clock signal CKV.

The pull-down driver 515 removes charges remaining at the stage SR as aportion to smoothly output the gate-off voltage and the low voltage ofthe transmission signal CR thereby executing functions of decreasing thepotential of the node Q, the potential of the node Q′, the voltageoutput to the transmission signal CRout, and the voltage output to thegate line. The pull-down driver 515 includes ten transistors (the secondtransistor Tr2, the third transistor Tr3, the fifth transistor Tr5, thesixth transistor Tr6, the eighth transistor Tr8 to the eleventhtransistor Tr11, the thirteenth transistor Tr13 and the sixteenthtransistor Tr16).

The transistors that pull down the node Q will be first described. Thetransistors that pull down the node Q are the sixth transistor Tr6, theninth transistor Tr9, the tenth transistor Tr10, and the sixteenthtransistor Tr16.

The control terminal of the sixth transistor Tr6 is connected to thethird input terminal IN3. The output terminal thereof is connected tothe second voltage input terminal Vin2. The input terminal thereof isconnected to the node Q. Therefore, the sixth transistor Tr6 is turnedon according to the transmission signal CR applied from the second nextstage, thereby having the function of decreasing the voltage of the nodeQ to the second low voltage Vss2.

The ninth transistor Tr9 and the sixteenth transistor Tr16 are operatedtogether thereby pulling down the node Q. The control terminal of theninth transistor Tr9 is connected to the second input terminal IN2. Theinput terminal thereof is connected to the node Q. The output terminalthereof is connected to the input terminal and the control terminal ofthe sixteenth transistor Tr16. The control terminal and the inputterminal of the sixteenth transistor Tr16 are diode-connected to theoutput terminal of the ninth transistor Tr9. The output terminal thereofis connected to the second voltage input terminal Vin2. Therefore, theninth transistor Tr9 and the sixteenth transistor Tr16 are turned onaccording to the transmission signal CR applied from the next stage,thereby executing the function of decreasing the voltage of the node Qto the second low voltage Vss2.

The input terminal of the tenth transistor Tr10 is connected to the nodeQ, the output terminal thereof is connected to the second voltage inputterminal Vin2, and the control terminal thereof is connected to the nodeQ′ (which has the reverse voltage to the node Q such that it is referredto as a reverse terminal). Therefore, the tenth transistor Tr10 has thefunction of continuously decreasing the voltage of the node Q to thesecond low voltage Vss2 in the general period when the node Q′ has thehigh voltage and then not decreasing the voltage of the node Q when thevoltage of the node Q′ is only the low voltage. When the voltage of thenode Q is not decreased, the corresponding stage outputs the gate-onvoltage and the transmission signal CR.

The transistors that pull down the node Q′ in the pull-down driver 515will now be described. The transistors that pull down the node Q′ arethe fifth transistor Tr5, the eighth transistor Tr8, and the thirteenthtransistor Tr13.

The control terminal of the fifth transistor Tr5 is connected to thefirst input terminal IN1, the input terminal thereof is connected to thenode Q′, and the output terminal thereof is connected to the secondvoltage input terminal Vin2. As a result, the fifth transistor Tr5decreases the voltage of the node Q′ to the second low voltage Vss2according to the transmission signal CR of the previous stage.

The eighth transistor Tr8 has the control terminal connected to thetransmission signal output terminal CRout of the corresponding stage,the input terminal connected to the node Q′, and the output terminalconnected to the second voltage input terminal Vin2. As a result, theeighth transistor Tr8 functions to decrease the voltage of the node Q′to the second low voltage Vss2 according to the transmission signal CRof the corresponding stage.

The thirteenth transistor Tr13 has the control terminal connected to thetransmission signal output terminal CRout of the corresponding stage,the input terminal connected to the output terminal of the twelfthtransistor Tr12 of the pull-up driver 512, and the output terminalconnected to the second voltage input terminal Vin2. As a result, thethirteenth transistor Tr13 functions to decrease the inner potential ofthe pull-up driver 512 to the second low voltage Vss2 and decrease thevoltage of the node Q′ connected to the pull-up driver 512 to the secondlow voltage Vss2 according to the transmission signal CR of thecorresponding stage. That is, the thirteenth transistor Tr13 strictlyfunctions to discharge the inner charges of the pull-up driver 512 tothe second low voltage Vss2. However, the pull-up driver 512 is alsoconnected to the node Q′ for the voltage of the node Q′ to not be pulledup such that the thirteenth transistor Tr13 assists to decrease thevoltage of the node Q′ to the second low voltage Vss2.

The transistor decreasing the voltage output to the transmission signalCRout in the pull-down driver 515 will now be described. The transistordecreasing the voltage output to the transmission signal CRout is theeleventh transistor Tr11.

The eleventh transistor Tr11 has the control terminal connected to thenode Q′, the input terminal connected to the transmission signal outputterminal CRout, and the output terminal connected to the second voltageinput terminal Vin2. As a result, when the voltage of the node Q′ ishigh, the voltage of the transmission signal output terminal CRout isdecreased to the second low voltage Vss2 such that the transmissionsignal CR is changed to the low level.

The transistors decreasing the voltage output to the gate line from thepull-down driver 515 will now be described. The transistors decreasingthe voltage output to the gate line are the second transistor Tr2 andthe third transistor Tr3.

The second transistor Tr2 has the control terminal connected to thesecond input terminal IN2, the input terminal connected to the gatevoltage output terminal OUT, and the output terminal connected to thefirst voltage input terminal Vin1. As a result, the gate voltage outputwhen the transmission signal CR of the next stage is output is changedto the first low voltage Vss1.

The third transistor Tr3 has the control terminal connected to the nodeQ′, the input terminal connected to the gate voltage output terminal OUTand the output terminal connected to the first voltage input terminalVin1. As a result, the gate voltage output when the voltage of the nodeQ′ is high is changed to the first low voltage Vss1.

In the pull-down driver 515, the gate voltage output terminal OUT isonly decreased to the first low voltage Vss1, and the node Q, the nodeQ′ and the transmission signal output terminal CRout are decreased tothe second low voltage Vss2 that is lower than the first low voltageVss1. As a result, although the gate-on voltage and the high voltage ofthe transmission signal CR may have the same voltage, the gate-offvoltage and the low voltage of the transmission signal CR have differentvoltages. That is, the gate-off voltage has the first low voltage Vss1,and the low voltage of the transmission signal CR has the second lowvoltage Vss2.

The gate voltage and transmission signal CR may have various voltagevalues. However, in the present exemplary embodiment, the gate-onvoltage is 25V. The gate-off voltage and the first low voltage Vss1 are−5V. The high voltage of the transmission signal CR is 25V. The lowvoltage and the second low voltage Vss2 are −10V.

In summary, the transmission signal generator 513 and the output section514 are operated by the voltage of the node Q such that one stage SRoutputs the high voltage of the transmission signal CR and the gate-onvoltage, the transmission signal CR is decreased from the high voltageto the second low voltage Vss2 by the previous, the next, and the secondnext transmission signals CR, and the gate-on voltage is decreased tothe first low voltage Vss1 thereby being the gate-off voltage. Here, onestage SR decreases the voltage of the node Q to the second low voltageVss2 by the second next transmission signal CR as well as the nexttransmission signal CR to reduce the power consumption. The second lowvoltage Vss2 is lower than the first low voltage Vss1 as the gate-offvoltage such that the second low voltage Vss2 is sufficiently low andthe transistors included in the stage hardly flow out any leakagecurrent. There is thereby the benefit that the power consumption isdecreased although the transmission signal CR applied in the differentstage includes a ripple or noise such that the voltage is changed.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing power consumption of the gate driver 500according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3. “A” depicts powerconsumption of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3, and “B” depicts powerconsumption of the conventional art. “A” is represented as a pluralityof bar graphs, which means the results are measured through a pluralityof exemplary embodiments, and 189 mW is average power consumption of theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 3. On the other hand, it is typically knownthat the power consumption of the gate driver according to theconventional art is 430 mW. Accordingly, the power consumption can bereduced by more than half when implementing the exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention.

The transistors Tr1-Tr13, Tr15, Tr16 formed in the stage SR may be NMOStransistors, when the transistors Tr1-Tr13, Tr15, Tr16 are formed asPMOS transistors. The transistors Tr1-Tr13, Tr15, Tr16 may be on whenthe voltage applied to the control terminal is low.

Next, a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a display device according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention and shows an exemplary embodiment inwhich the data driver IC 460 is formed at the lower side of the displaypanel 100, differently from that in FIG. 1. This does not mean that theexemplary embodiments of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 is limited to the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 5, since the exemplary embodiments of FIG. 6 and FIG.7 can be both applied to the exemplary embodiments of FIG. 1 and FIG. 5.

Except for the data driver IC 460 being formed at the lower side of thedisplay panel 100, FIG. 5 is the same as FIG. 1. In the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 1, the data driver IC 460 is formed at the upper sideof the display panel 100. The gate driver of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 and thegate driver of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 may be applied to all display devicesof FIG. 1 and FIG. 5.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the gate driver and the gate line ofFIG. 5 in further detail, and has the same signal characteristics asthat of FIG. 2. That is, the signals input and output to each stage SRformed in the gate driver 500 are the same as those of FIG. 2.

FIG. 6 shows the connection relationship and the operation of the gatedriver 500, and will be described again as follows.

The gate driver 500 includes a plurality of stages SR1, SR2, SR3, SR4, .. . that are dependently connected to each other. Each of the stagesSR1, SR2, SR3, SR4, . . . includes three input terminals IN1, IN2, IN3,one clock input terminal CK, two voltage input terminals Vin1, Vin2, agate voltage output terminal OUT that outputs the gate voltage, and atransmission signal output terminal CRout.

The first input terminal IN1 is connected to the transmission signaloutput terminal CRout of the previous stage thereby receiving thetransmission signal CR of the previous stage. The first stage does nothave the previous stage such that the scan start signal STVP of thefirst input terminal IN1 is applied.

The second input terminal IN2 is connected to the transmission signaloutput terminal CRout of the next stage, thereby receiving thetransmission signal CR of the next stage. Also, the third input terminalIN3 is connected to the transmission signal output terminal CRout of thesecond next stage, thereby receiving the transmission signal CR of thesecond next stage.

The stage SRn (not shown) connected to the n-th gate line Gn may havetwo dummy stages to receive the transmission signal CR from the nextstage and the second next stage. The dummy stages (SRn+1, SRn+2; notshown) are stages that generate and output a dummy gate voltage,differently from the stages SR1, SR2, SR3, SR4, . . . SRn. That is, thegate voltage output from the stages SR1, . . . SRn is transmitted thoughthe gate line thereby the data voltage is applied to the pixel for thedisplay of the images, however the dummy stages SRn+1, SRn+2 would notbe connected to the gate lines, and even if they are connected to thegate lines, they are connected to the gate lines of dummy pixels (notshown) that do not display the image such that they would not be usedfor the display of the image.

The clock terminal CK is applied with a clock signal. Among theplurality of stages, the clock terminals CK of the odd-numbered stagesare applied to the first clock signal CKV. The clock terminals CK of theeven-numbered stages are applied with the second clock signal CKVB. Thefirst clock signal CKV and the second clock signal CKVB are clocksignals having opposite phases to each other.

The first voltage input terminal Vin1 is applied with the first lowvoltage Vss1 corresponding to the gate-off voltage. The second voltageinput terminal Vin2 is applied with the second low voltage Vss2 that islower than the first low voltage Vss1. The voltage values of the firstlow voltage Vss1 and the second low voltage Vss2 may vary according tothe exemplary embodiment. The value of the first low voltage Vss1 is −5Vand the value of the second low voltage Vss2 is −10V in the presentexemplary embodiment.

Next, the operation of the gate driver 500 will be described in moredetail.

The first stage SR1 receives the first clock signal CKV provided fromoutside external to the clock input terminal CK, the scan start signalSTVP through the first input terminal IN1, the first and second lowvoltages Vss1, Vss2 through the first and second voltage input terminalsVin1, Vin2, and the transmission signals CR respectively provided fromthe second stage SR2 and the third stage SR3 through the second andthird input terminals IN2, IN3 such that the gate-on voltage is outputto the first gate line through the gate voltage output terminal OUT.Also, the transmission signal output terminal CRout outputs thetransmission signal CR, and it is transmitted to the first inputterminal IN1 of the second stage SR2.

The second stage SR2 receives the second clock signal CKVB provided fromthe outside to the clock input terminal CK, the transmission signal CRof the first stage SR1 through the first input terminal IN1, the firstand second low voltages Vss1, Vss2 through the first and second voltageinput terminals Vin1, Vin2, and the transmission signals CR respectivelyprovided from the third stage SR3 and the fourth stage SR4 through thesecond and third input terminals IN2, IN3 such that the gate-on voltageis output to the second gate line through the gate voltage outputterminal OUT. Also, the transmission signal CR is output through thetransmission signal output terminal CRout, thereby being transmitted tothe first input terminal IN1 of the third stage SR3 and the second inputterminal IN2 of the first stage SR1.

The third stage SR3 receives the first clock signal CKV provided fromthe outside to the clock input terminal CK, the transmission signal CRof the second stage SR2 through the first input terminal IN1, the firstand second low voltages Vss1, Vss2 through the first and second voltageinput terminals Vin1, Vin2, and the transmission signals CR respectivelyprovided from the fourth stage SR4 and the fifth stage SR5 through thesecond and third input terminals IN2, IN3 such that the gate-on voltageis output to the third gate line through the gate voltage outputterminal OUT. Also, the transmission signal CR is output through thetransmission signal output terminal CRout thereby being transmitted tothe first input terminal IN1 of the fourth stage SR4, the third inputterminal IN3 of the first stage SR1, and the second input terminal IN2of the second stage SR2.

Through the above method, The n-th stage SRn receives the second clocksignal CKVB provided from the outside to the clock input terminal CK,the transmission signal CR of the n−1-th stage SRn−1 through the firstinput terminal IN1, the first and second low voltages Vss1, Vss2 throughthe first and the second voltage input terminals Vin1, Vin2, and thetransmission signals CR respectively provided from the (n+1)-th stageSRn+1 (the dummy stage) and the (n+2)-th stage SRn+2 (the dummy stage)through the second and third input terminals IN2, IN3 such that thegate-on voltage is output to the n-th gate line through the gate voltageoutput terminal OUT. Also, the transmission signal CR is output throughthe transmission signal output terminal CRout thereby being transmittedto the first input terminal IN1 of the (n+1)-th stage SRn+1 (the dummystage), the third input terminal IN3 of the (n−2)-th stage SRn−2, andthe second input terminal IN2 of the n−1-th stage SRn−1.

The connection structure of the stages SR of the whole gate driver 500has been described with reference to FIG. 6. Next, a structure of astage SR of a gate driver connected to one gate line will be describedin further detail with reference to FIG. 7.

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of one stage SR and one gate line in FIG. 6.Each stage SR of the gate driver 500 according to the present exemplaryembodiment includes an input section 511, a pull-up driver 512, atransmission signal generator 513, an output section 514, and apull-down driver 515.

The input section 511 includes one transistor (the fourth transistorTr4). The input terminal and the control terminal of the fourthtransistor Tr4 are commonly connected (diode-connected) to the firstinput terminal IN1. The output terminal thereof is connected to a node Q(hereinafter referred to as the first node). The input section 511 has afunction of transmitting the high voltage to the node Q when the firstinput terminal IN1 is applied with the high voltage.

The pull-up driver 512 includes two transistors (the seventh transistorTr7 and the twelfth transistor Tr12). The control terminal and the inputterminal of the twelfth transistor Tr12 are diode-connected therebyreceiving the first clock signal CKV or the second clock signal CKVBthrough the clock terminal CK. The output terminal is connected to thecontrol terminal of the seventh transistor Tr7 and the pull-down driver515. The input terminal of the seventh transistor Tr7 is also connectedto the clock terminal CK. The output terminal is connected to the nodeQ′ (hereinafter referred to as the second node) and is passed throughthe node Q′ thereby being connected to the pull-down driver 515. Thecontrol terminal of the seventh transistor Tr7 is connected to theoutput terminal of the twelfth transistor Tr12 and the pull-down driver515. Here, a parasitic capacitor (not shown) may be respectively formedbetween the input terminal and the control terminal, and the controlterminal and the output terminal, of the seventh transistor Tr7. If thepull-up driver 512 is applied with the high signal at the clock terminalCK, and the high signal is transmitted to the control terminal of theseventh transistor Tr7 and the pull-down driver 515 through the twelfthtransistor Tr12. The high signal transmitted to the seventh transistorTr7 turns on the seventh transistor Tr7, and as a result the high signalapplied from the clock terminal CK is applied to the node Q′.

The transmission signal generator 513 includes one transistor (thefifteenth transistor Tr15). The input terminal of the fifteenthtransistor Tr15 is connected to the clock terminal CK thereby receivingthe first clock signal CKV or the second clock signal CKVB. The controlterminal thereof is connected to the output terminal of the inputsection 511, that is, the node Q, and the output terminal thereof isconnected to the transmission signal output terminal CRout that outputsthe transmission signal CR. Here, a parasitic capacitor (not shown) maybe formed between the control terminal and the output terminal. Theoutput terminal of the fifteenth transistor Tr15 is connected to thepull-down driver 515 as well as the transmission signal output terminalCRout, thereby receiving the second low voltage Vss2. As a result, thevoltage value when the transmission signal CR is low is the second lowvoltage Vss2.

The output section 514 includes one transistor (the first transistorTr1) and one capacitor (the first capacitor C1). The control terminal ofthe first transistor Tr1 is connected to the node Q, the input terminalthereof receives the first clock signal CKV or the second clock signalCKVB through the clock terminal CK, the first capacitor C1 is formedbetween the control terminal and the output terminal, and the outputterminal thereof is connected to the gate voltage output terminal OUT.Also, the output terminal is connected to the pull-down driver 515thereby receiving the first low voltage Vss1. As a result, the value ofthe voltage of the gate-off voltage is the first low voltage Vss1. Thisoutput section 514 outputs the gate voltage according to the voltage ofthe node Q and the first clock signal CKV.

The pull-down driver 515 removes charges remaining at the stage SR asthe portion to smoothly output the gate-off voltage and the low voltageof the transmission signal CR thereby executing functions of decreasingthe potential of the node Q, the potential of the node Q′, the voltageoutput to the transmission signal CRout, and the voltage output to thegate line. The pull-down driver 515 includes eleven transistors (thesecond transistor Tr2, the third transistor Tr3, the fifth transistorTr5, the sixth transistor Tr6, the eighth transistor Tr8 to the eleventhtransistor Tr11, the thirteenth transistor Tr13, the sixteenthtransistor Tr16, and the seventeenth transistor Tr17).

First, the transistors that pull down the node Q will be described. Thetransistors that pull down the node Q are the sixth transistor Tr6, theninth transistor Tr9, the tenth transistor Tr10, and the sixteenthtransistor Tr16.

The control terminal of the sixth transistor Tr6 is connected to thethird input terminal IN3. The output terminal thereof is connected tothe second voltage input terminal Vin2. The input terminal thereof isconnected to the node Q. Therefore, the sixth transistor Tr6 is turnedon according to the transmission signal CR applied from the second nextstage, thereby having the function of decreasing the voltage of the nodeQ to the second low voltage Vss2.

The ninth transistor Tr9 and the sixteenth transistor Tr16 are operatedtogether thereby pulling down the node Q. The control terminal of theninth transistor Tr9 is connected to the second input terminal IN2. Theinput terminal thereof is connected to the node Q. The output terminalthereof is connected to the input terminal and the control terminal ofthe sixteenth transistor Tr16. The control terminal and the inputterminal of the sixteenth transistor Tr16 are diode-connected to theoutput terminal of the ninth transistor Tr9. The output terminal thereofis connected to the second voltage input terminal Vin2. Therefore, theninth transistor Tr9 and the sixteenth transistor Tr16 are turned onaccording to the transmission signal CR applied from the next stage,thereby executing the function of decreasing the voltage of the node Qto the second low voltage Vss2.

The input terminal of the tenth transistor Tr10 is connected to the nodeQ. The output terminal thereof is connected to the second voltage inputterminal Vin2. The control terminal thereof is connected to the node Q′(that has the reverse voltage to the node Q such that it is referred toas a reverse terminal). Therefore, the tenth transistor Tr10 has thefunction of continuously decreasing the voltage of the node Q to thesecond low voltage Vss2 in the general period that the node Q′ has thehigh voltage and then not decreasing the voltage of the node Q when thevoltage of the node Q′ is only the low voltage. When the voltage of thenode Q is not decreased, the corresponding stage outputs the gate-onvoltage and the transmission signal CR.

The transistor that pulls-down the node Q′ in the pull-down driver 515will now be described. The transistors that pull down the node Q′ arethe fifth transistor Tr5, the eighth transistor Tr8, and the thirteenthtransistor Tr13.

The control terminal of the fifth transistor Tr5 is connected to thefirst input terminal IN1. The input terminal thereof is connected to thenode Q′. The output terminal thereof is connected to the second voltageinput terminal Vin2. As a result, the fifth transistor Tr5 decreases thevoltage of the node Q′ to the second low voltage Vss2 according to thetransmission signal CR of the previous stage.

The eighth transistor Tr8 has the control terminal connected to thetransmission signal output terminal CRout of the corresponding stage,the input terminal connected to the node Q′, and the output terminalconnected to the first voltage input terminal Vin1. As a result, theeighth transistor Tr8 functions to decrease the voltage of the node Q′to the first low voltage Vss1 according to the transmission signal CR ofthe corresponding stage.

The thirteenth transistor Tr13 has the control terminal connected to thetransmission signal output terminal CRout of the corresponding stage,the input terminal connected to the output terminal of the twelfthtransistor Tr12 of the pull-up driver 512, and the output terminalconnected to the first voltage input terminal Vin1. As a result, thethirteenth transistor Tr13 functions to decrease the inner potential ofthe pull-up driver 512 to the first low voltage Vss1 and to decrease thevoltage of the node Q′ connected to the pull-up driver 512 to the firstlow voltage Vss1 according to the transmission signal CR of thecorresponding stage. That is, the thirteenth transistor Tr13 strictlyfunctions to discharge the inner charges of the pull-up driver 512 tothe first low voltage Vss1. However, the pull-up driver 512 is alsoconnected to the node Q′ for the voltage of the node Q′ to not be pulledup such that the thirteenth transistor Tr13 assists to decrease thevoltage of the node Q′ to the first low voltage Vss1.

Different from the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3, the eighth transistorTr8 and the thirteenth transistor Tr13 are connected to the firstvoltage input terminal Vin1 applied with the first low voltage Vss1 inthe exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7.

The transistors decreasing the voltage output to the transmission signalCRout in the pull-down driver 515 will now be described. The transistorsdecreasing the voltage output to the transmission signal CRout are theeleventh transistor Tr11 and the seventeenth transistor Tr17.

The eleventh transistor Tr11 has the control terminal connected to thenode Q′, the input terminal connected to the transmission signal outputterminal CRout, and the output terminal connected to the second voltageinput terminal Vin2. As a result, when the voltage of the node Q′ ishigh, the voltage of the transmission signal output terminal CRout isdecreased to the second low voltage Vss2, and as a result thetransmission signal CR is changed to the low level.

The seventeenth transistor Tr17 that is not included in the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 3 has the control terminal connected to the secondinput terminal IN2, the input terminal connected to the transmissionsignal output terminal CRout, and the output terminal connected to thesecond voltage input terminal Vin2. As a result, it has the function ofdecreasing the voltage of the transmission signal output terminal CRoutto the second low voltage Vss2 according to the transmission signal CRof the next stage. To assist the operation of the eleventh transistorTr11, the seventeenth transistor Tr17 is operated based upon thetransmission signal CR of the next stage.

The transistors decreasing the voltage output to the gate line from thepull-down driver 515 will now be described. The transistors decreasingthe voltage output to the gate line are the second transistor Tr2 andthe third transistor Tr3.

The second transistor Tr2 has the control terminal connected to thesecond input terminal IN2, the input terminal connected to the gatevoltage output terminal OUT, and the output terminal connected to thefirst voltage input terminal Vin1. As a result, the gate voltage outputwhen the transmission signal CR of the next stage is output is changedto the first low voltage Vss1.

The third transistor Tr3 has the control terminal connected to the nodeQ′, the input terminal connected to the gate voltage output terminalOUT, and the output terminal connected to the first voltage inputterminal Vin1. As a result, the gate voltage output when the voltage ofthe node Q′ is high is changed to the first low voltage Vss1.

In pull-down driver 515, the operation of decreasing the voltage outputto the transmission signal CRout and the operation of decreasing thevoltage output to the gate line are executed through two transistors,and they are connected to the second input terminal IN2 such that theyare operated according to the transmission signal CR of the next stageor the voltage of the node Q′, thereby may be operated with the sametiming. However, the voltage output to the transmission signal CRout isdecreased to the second low voltage Vss2, and the gate-off voltage isdecreased to the first low voltage Vss1 such that the voltage when thetransmission signal CR is low is lower than the gate-off voltage.

In the pull-down driver 515, the gate voltage output terminal OUT isonly decreased to the first low voltage Vss1, and the node Q and thetransmission signal output terminal CRout are decreased to the secondlow voltage Vss2 that is lower than the first low voltage Vss1. As aresult, although the gate-on voltage and the high voltage of thetransmission signal CR may by the same voltage, the gate-off voltage andthe low voltage of the transmission signal CR are different voltages.That is, the gate-off voltage is the first low voltage Vss1, and the lowvoltage of the transmission signal CR is the second low voltage Vss2. Onthe other hand, the node Q′ is decreased to the first low voltage Vss1by the eighth transistor Tr8 and the thirteenth transistor Tr13, and tothe second low voltage Vss2 by the fifth transistor Tr5.

The gate voltage and transmission signal CR may have the various voltagevalues, however in the present exemplary embodiment, the gate-on voltageis 25V, the gate-off voltage and the first low voltage Vss1 are −5V, thehigh voltage of the transmission signal CR is 25V, and the low voltageand the second low voltage Vss2 are −10V.

In summary, the transmission signal generator 513 and the output section514 are operated by the voltage of the node Q such that one stage SRoutputs the high voltage of the transmission signal CR and the gate-onvoltage. The transmission signal CR is decreased from the high voltageto the second low voltage Vss2 by the previous, the next, and the secondnext transmission signal CR, and the gate-on voltage is decreased to thefirst low voltage Vss1 thereby being the gate-off voltage. Here, onestage SR decreases the voltage of the node Q to the second low voltageVss2 by the second next transmission signal CR as well as the nexttransmission signal CR to reduce the power consumption. The second lowvoltage Vss2 is lower than the first low voltage Vss1 as the gate-offvoltage such that the second low voltage Vss2 is sufficiently low suchthat the transistors included in the stage hardly flow out any leakagecurrent such that there is the benefit that the power consumption isdecreased although the transmission signal CR applied in the differentstage includes a ripple or noise and the voltage is changed.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing power consumption of the gate driver 500according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7. “A′” depicts powerconsumption of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7, and “B” is powerconsumption of the conventional art. “A′” is represented as a pluralityof bar graphs, which means the results are measured through a pluralityof exemplary embodiments, and 183.5 mW is an average power consumptionof the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7. On the other hand, it istypically known that the power consumption of the gate driver accordingto the conventional art is 430 mW. Accordingly, the power consumptioncan be reduced by more than half in accordance with the exemplaryembodiment of the present invention.

As compared with FIG. 4, the average power consumption of the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 7 is 183.5 mW wherein the average power consumptionis less than that of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 whose averagepower consumption is 189 mW. The transmission signal output terminalCRout is changed to the low voltage at the same timing as the gatevoltage output terminal Out by adding the seventeenth transistor Tr17such that the leakage current may be further reduced inside the circuit.

The transistors Tr1-Tr13, and Tr15 to Tr17 formed in the stage SR may beNMOS transistors. When the transistors Tr1-Tr13, and Tr15 to Tr17 areformed as PMOS transistors, the transistors Tr1-Tr13, and Tr15 to Tr17may be on when the voltage applied to the control terminal is low.

As described above, the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 may be applied toboth the exemplary embodiments (the case that the data driver isdisposed at the upper side of the panel) of FIG. 1 and the exemplaryembodiment (the case that the data driver is disposed at the lower sideof the panel) of FIG. 5, and the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7 may beapplied to both the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 and the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 5. However, in the structure of the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 5, the first clock signal (CKV), the second clocksignal (CKVB), the scan start signal (STVP), the first low voltage Vss1,and the second low voltage Vss2 applied according to the flexibleprinted circuit film FPC are moved from the lower side to the upperside. The gate-on voltage is applied from the first gate line G1disposed at the upper side such that noise may be generated when thedisplay panel is used for a long time at a high temperature. Whenrespectively using the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 and the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 5, noise may be generated relatively more at the hightemperature in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 as compared with theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 5. This is the reason that the transmissionsignal CR is not again changed to the second low voltage Vss2 like theseventeenth transistor Tr17 such that the possibility of the generationof the ripple is high in the transmission signal CR. However, thepossibility of the generation of noise at the high temperature in theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 is remarkably low as compared with theconventional gate driver.

Next, power consumption, a high temperature characteristic, a lowtemperature characteristic, and a lifespan will be described focusing onthe exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7 as compared with the conventionalart.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing current flow in the first transistor thatoutputs a gate voltage in a gate driver according to the conventionalart with reference to a clock signal CKV voltage. FIG. 10 is a graphshowing current flow in the first transistor that outputs a gate voltagein a gate driver according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7 withreference to a clock signal CKV voltage.

As shown in FIG. 9, the current of the first transistor Tr1 of the gatedriver according to the conventional art varies to a lower limit ofabout −45 μA in correspondence with a varying clock signal CKV. However,the current of the first transistor Tr1 of the gate driver of FIG. 7 asshown in FIG. 10 varies to a lower limit of about −15 μA. As a result,the current used at each stage SR is considerably smaller in theexemplary embodiment according to the present invention, and as a resultthe power consumption can be reduced by more than half. The reduction ofpower consumption by more than half is shown through FIGS. 4 and 8.

Next, the high temperature characteristics, the low temperaturecharacteristics, and the lifespan characteristics will be described.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing characteristics at high temperature of thegate driver according to the conventional art and according to theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 7. The horizontal axis represents anormalization value of a voltage* a temperature, and the vertical axisrepresents a noise ratio. In FIG. 11, a value α is the referenceavailable as the gate driver.

As shown in FIG. 11, there is no noise for the general reference of thevalue α in the conventional art and the exemplary embodiment accordingto the present invention. However, if the values of the high temperatureand the voltage used for the gate driver according to the conventionalart are slightly over the reference α, the noise is steeply increased.In contrast, the gate driver according to FIG. 7 still does not includethe noise in the predetermined range. The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3has the characteristics corresponding to the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 7. Therefore, the gate driver according to the present inventioncan improve the high temperature characteristics.

FIG. 12 is a graph comparing the low temperature characteristics of thegate drivers of the conventional art and of the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 7.

In FIG. 12, the horizontal axis represents temperature and the verticalaxis represents a margin of the gate-on voltage Von. That is, it isshown that the gate driver is not operated at the voltage below theposition represented in the graph.

As shown in FIG. 12, the conventional gate driver and the gate driver ofFIG. 7 have the same margin of the gate-on voltage Von at roomtemperature. However, a difference of the margins of the gate-on voltageVon is generated further closer to the low temperature and driving onlyby the low voltage is possible at the low temperature in the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 7. However, a relatively high voltage must be appliedfor the driving of the conventional gate driver. The exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 3 has the characteristics corresponding to theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 7. Therefore, the gate driver according tothe present invention may improve the low temperature characteristics ascompared with the conventional art.

FIG. 13 is a graph comparing the lifespan characteristics of the gatedrivers of the conventional art and of the exemplary embodiment of FIG.7. The horizontal axis represents an aging time and the vertical axisrepresents a margin of the gate-on voltage Von. In FIG. 13, a Vonsetting value represents a voltage setting value that is generally usedin the gate driver. If the voltage of the graph is higher than the Vonsetting value, the gate driver can not be operated by the generalapplied voltage, and as a result the lifespan of the gate driver isover.

In an experiment to obtain the graph of FIG. 13, a higher voltage (ofabout 130%) than the general voltage is applied to the gate driver toeasily finish the lifespan, and the experiment is executed at a hightemperature. As a result, experimental results of a long time can beobtained in short time.

In FIG. 13, the gate-on voltages Von of the conventional gate driver andthe gate driver of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7 are both increasedtoward the Von setting value as time passes. However, the gate driveraccording to the conventional art after the passage of the time has ahigh value such that it may be predicted that the lifespan is finishedquickly. Particularly, compared with the setting values after thepassage of 200 hours in FIG. 13, although the setting value of theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 7 is low, a large difference of about 10%is generated. As a result, the lifespan is remarkably increased ascompared with the gate driver according to the conventional art.

Although not shown in FIG. 13, the gate driver of FIG. 3 and FIG. 7according to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention passesthe lifespan test at more than 5000 hours.

While the present invention has been described in connection with whatis presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is tobe understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosedembodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to also cover variousmodifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit andscope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A display panel comprising: a display areaincluding a gate line; a gate driver connected to one end of the gateline, the gate driver including a plurality of stages and beingintegrated on a substrate, wherein the plurality of stages receive aclock signal, a first low voltage and a second low voltage, at least onetransmission signal from a previous stage, and at least one transmissionsignal from one of a next stage to output a gate voltage including thefirst low voltage as a gate-off voltage, the plurality of stagescomprises: a first transistor including a control terminal that receivesthe at least one transmission signal from the next stage and an inputterminal connected to a first node; and a second transistor including acontrol terminal and an input terminal which are connected to an outputterminal of the first transistor, and an output terminal which isconnected to the second low voltage which is not included in the gatevoltage.
 2. The display panel of claim 1, wherein a low voltage of thefirst or second transmission signal is low is the second low voltage. 3.The display panel of claim 1, wherein: the display area further includesa data line, the display panel further includes a data driver thatsupplies a data voltage which is applied to the data line, wherein thedata driver is disposed at an upper side or a lower side of the displaypanel.
 4. The display panel of claim 3, wherein the plurality of stagesinclude an input section, a pull-up driver, a pull-down driver, anoutput section, and a transmission signal generator.
 5. The displaypanel of claim 4, wherein the input section, the pull-down driver, theoutput section, and the transmission signal generator are connected to afirst node.
 6. The display panel of claim 5, wherein the input sectionis connected between a first input terminal that receives the at leastone transmission signal from the previous stage and the first node. 7.The display panel of claim 5, wherein the output section is connectedbetween a gate voltage output terminal that outputs the gate voltage, aclock input terminal input with the clock signal, and the first node,such that the gate voltage is output according to the voltage of thefirst node.
 8. The display panel of claim 5, wherein the transmissionsignal generator is connected between a transmission signal outputterminal that outputs the transmission signal, the clock input terminal,and the first node, such that the transmission signal is outputaccording to the voltage of the first node.
 9. The display panel ofclaim 5, wherein the pull-up driver and the pull-down driver areconnected to a second node.
 10. The display panel of claim 9, whereinthe pull-down driver is connected to a terminal that inputs the at leastone transmission signal from the next stage, each terminal that inputsthe first low voltage and the second low voltage, respectively, thetransmission signal output terminal, and the gate voltage outputterminal, and is also connected to the first node and the second node.11. The display panel of claim 9, wherein the pull-down driver includesan element that pulls down the first node, an element that pulls downthe second node, an element that pulls down the transmission signaloutput terminal, and an element that pulls down the gate voltage outputterminal.
 12. The display panel of claim 11, wherein the element thatpulls down the first node decreases the voltage of the first node to thesecond low voltage according to one of the at least one transmissionsignal from the next stage or the voltage of the second node.
 13. Thedisplay panel of claim 11, wherein the element that pulls down thesecond node decreases the voltage of the second node to the second lowvoltage according to the at least one transmission signal from theprevious stage or the transmission signal of a current stage.
 14. Thedisplay panel of claim 11, wherein the element that pulls down thesecond node decreases the voltage of the second node to the second lowvoltage according to at least one transmission signal from the previousstage, and decreases the voltage of the second node to the first lowvoltage according to the transmission signal of a current stage.
 15. Thedisplay panel of claim 11, wherein the element that pulls down thetransmission signal output terminal decreases the voltage of thetransmission signal output terminal to the second low voltage accordingto the voltage of the second node.
 16. The display panel of claim 11,wherein the element that pulls down the transmission signal outputterminal decreases the voltage of the transmission signal outputterminal to the second low voltage according to one of the at least onetransmission signal from the next stage.
 17. The display panel of claim11, wherein the element that pulls down the gate voltage output terminaldecreases the voltage of the gate voltage output terminal to the firstlow voltage according to the voltage of the second node or one of atleast two transmission signals from the next stage.
 18. The displaypanel of claim 9, wherein the pull-up driver is connected to the clockinput terminal, the pull-down driver, and the second node.
 19. Thedisplay panel of claim 1, wherein: the at least one transmission signalfrom the previous stage is the transmission signal of the neighboringprevious stage, or the at least one transmission signal from the nextstage is the transmission signals of two next stages that continuouslyneighbor each other.
 20. The display panel of claim 1, wherein at leastone transmission signal applied to a first stage of the plurality ofstages is a scanning start signal.
 21. The display panel of claim 1,wherein the plurality of stages comprise: a third transistor outputtingthe transmission signal including the second low voltage as a lowvoltage, and a fourth transistor receiving the transmission signal fromthe third transistor of a current stage, and decreases a voltage of asecond node to the first low voltage.
 22. The display panel of claim 21,wherein the plurality of stages further comprise: a fifth transistorreceiving the transmission signal from the third transistor of thecurrent stage, and a sixth transistor and a seventh transistor connectedto an input terminal of the fifth transistor, wherein an output terminalof the fifth transistor is connected to the first low voltage, wherein acontrol terminal and an input terminal of the sixth transistor isconnected and an output terminal of the sixth transistor is connected tothe input terminal of the fifth transistor, and wherein a controlterminal of the seventh transistor is connected to the input terminal ofthe fifth transistor, an input terminal of the seventh transistor isconnected to the control terminal and the input terminal of the sixthtransistor, and an output terminal of the seventh transistor isconnected to the second node.
 23. The display panel of claim 22, whereinthe control terminal and the input terminal of the sixth transistorreceive the clock signal.
 24. The display panel of claim 22, wherein theplurality of stages further comprise an eighth transistor that decreasesthe voltage of the first node to the second low voltage according to avoltage of the second node.
 25. The display panel of claim 24, whereinthe plurality of stages further comprise a ninth transistor thatdecreases the gate voltage to the first low voltage according to thevoltage of the second node.
 26. The display panel of claim 25, whereinthe plurality of stages further comprise a tenth transistor thatdecreases the gate voltage to the first low voltage according to the atleast one transmission signal from the next stage.
 27. The display panelof claim 1, wherein the plurality of stages comprise: a third transistoroutputting the transmission signal including the second low voltage as alow voltage, and a fourth transistor receiving the transmission signalfrom the third transistor of a current stage, and decreases a voltage ofa second node to the second low voltage.
 28. The display panel of claim27, wherein the plurality of stages further comprise: a fifth transistorreceiving the transmission signal from the third transistor of thecurrent stage, and a sixth transistor and a seventh transistor connectedto an input terminal of the fifth transistor, wherein an output terminalof the fifth transistor is connected to the second low voltage, whereina control terminal and an input terminal of the sixth transistor isconnected and an output terminal of the sixth transistor is connected tothe input terminal of the fifth transistor, and wherein a controlterminal of the seventh transistor is connected to the input terminal ofthe fifth transistor, an input terminal of the seventh transistor isconnected to the control terminal and the input terminal of the sixthtransistor, and an output terminal of the seventh transistor isconnected to the second node.
 29. The display panel of claim 28, whereinthe control terminal and the input terminal of the sixth transistorreceive the clock signal.
 30. The display panel of claim 28, wherein theplurality of stages further comprise an eighth transistor that decreasesthe voltage of the first node to the second low voltage according to avoltage of the second node.
 31. The display panel of claim 30, whereinthe plurality of stages further comprise a ninth transistor thatdecreases the gate voltage to the first low voltage according to thevoltage of the second node.
 32. The display panel of claim 31, whereinthe plurality of stages further comprise a tenth transistor thatdecreases the gate voltage to the first low voltage according to the atleast one transmission signal from the next stage.